Reading · Craft & structure
Fact, Opinion, Misconception & Bias
Reading-time estimate excludes practice. Take the time you need.
Start here: your learning goal
Distinguish factual claims, opinions, misconceptions, and biased framing.
Read the explanations, try the quick checks, then take the lesson quiz to see what to review next.
Optional video introduction
Four Different Judgments
- Verifiable: Could evidence establish or disprove the claim?
- Supported: Does this passage provide evidence for it?
- True: Does reliable evidence confirm it?
- Evaluative: Does it depend on a value, preference, or standard?
A factual claim can be false. An uncited claim can still be true. An opinion can be supported by facts. Classification does not settle accuracy.
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Verifiable factual claim | “The library closes at 8 p.m. Tuesday.” |
| Opinion/value judgment | “The library's evening hours are convenient.” |
| Misconception | A belief contradicted by strong evidence |
| Mixed claim | “The 90-minute film is far too long.” |
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